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(1a)
A Standard Hydrogen Electrode (SHE) is an electrode that scientists use for reference on all half-cell potential reactions. It is a redox electrode which forms the basis or reference of thermodynamics scale of oxidation or reduction potential
(1b)
Metals are good reducing agents because they readily loose the electron and have negative electrode
(1c)
(i) Diamond and shinny appearance and glitter
(ii) It is the hardest substance known
(iii) All its valence electron are localised no free one
(1di)
Chemical change:Is a change that produces new kind of matter and needs heat or spark to happen and is not reversible and is affected by change of mass
(1dii)
(i) Adding solution to water
(ii) Rusting of iron
(1e)
Isotopes is the existence of an atom of an element having the same atomic number but different mass number(differences in neutron number)
(1f)
A weak acid is one that does not ionized completely in water, a dilute acid is one with low concentration it can be weak acid or strong acid but has plenty of water
(1g)
PH is the negative logarithm of hydrogen ion.It shows the degree of acidity or alkalinity of a solution PH=-log10[H ]
(1h)
(i) It is poisonous to animals and plants
(ii) It causes acid rain
(1i)
MgBr(s) Cl2(g)->MgCl2(s) (Br(l)
(1j)
(i) By distillation
(ii) By adding preservatives such as sodium benzonoate
(2ai) it’s a group of atoms or type of bond possessed by certain organic compounds making them have some or similar chemical properties.
(2bii)
(i) Acidified KMnO4 turns from purple to colourless
(ii) A sweet smelling compound is produced
(iii) Effervescence occurs with colourless odourless gas that turns lime water milky being evolved
(2ci)
I. O
II. -1 and 1
(2cii)
I. 4H No3— 3e— >NO 2H2O
II. Mass/molar mass = It/πe— * 96500c
0.5/197 = 0.8*t/3*96500
t= 0.5*3*96500/197*0.8
t = 918.46s
(2di) Group 2
(II) X3N2
(III) Beryllium
4ai)
The law of conservation of matter states that matter can neither be created nor destroyed but can be changed from one form to another
4aii)
-Gases are randomly in a straight line colliding with one another and to the volume of the cylinder
-The volume occupied by the gas molecules are highly negligible when compared to the volume of the container
-The collision between the gas molecules are perfectly elsatic
4b)
(i)Producer gas(Mixture of CO and N2)
(ii)Water gas(Mixture of CO and H2)
(iii)H2)(g) C(s)->CO(g) H2(g)
4ci)
(I)Benzene
(II)Carbon II Sulphide
(III)Tarpentine
4cii)
There will be the formation of metanol.The reaction is endothermic reaction
4di)
CaCO3->CaO CO2
4dii)
I) p=120Nm^-2=118.81atm
V=0.25dm^3
R=8.314JKmol^-1
T=25C 273=298K
Using PV=nRT
=>n=PV/RT=(118.81*10^-5*0.25)/(8.314*298)
But n=mass/molar mass
=(29.7025*10^-5*)/(2477.572)
=>Mass of gaseous product=44.29.7025*10^-5/2477.572
=527*10^-6g
(II)
From the reaction, the moles of CaCo3 is the same as the mole of Co2; the number of moles of CaCo3
= 1.198*10^-7mole
But moles = mass/molar mass
Mass = moles × molar mass
Mass = 1.198×10^-7×100
= 119.8×10^-7
= 1.198×10^-5 moles
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