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*Chemistry OBJ:
1-10: ACDBABDEBB
11-20: ADCCCCBEBA
21-30: DCDCEADCAB
31-40: CBCCDEBBAC
41-50: EABDDBABDC
51-60: EBABCDEDCB
(1)
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(2ai)
Photosynthesis
(2aii)
Sources of chemical
– Industrial effluent
– Laboratory effluent
(2aiii)
Unpaired electrons present in the D-orbital of Fe²+ S-electrons
(2bi)
– Pig iron
– Cast iron
– Wrought iron
(2bii)
– Susceptibility to individual exposure to toxic chemicals
– Irritation of some body parts when toxic gases are inhaled
(2ci)
A – Sulphur
B – Magnesium
C – Oxygen
D – Chlorine
(2cii)
The type of bond between B and D is ionic bond
(2ciii)
Electronic configuration of C using Spdf notation
Oxygen = 1s22s22p4
(2civ)
– Their hardness increases with increasing ionic charge
– They have high melting and boiling points
(2di)
(2dii)
– The valency of mercury is +2
– The valency of lead in PbO2 is +4
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(3ai)
(i) Physical change
(ii) Chemical change.
(iii) Physical change.
(3aii)
The periodic law states that atomic mass of element is s periodic function of their chemical properties.
(3aiii)
(i) Elements within the same group have the same chemical properties.
(ii) Elements change gradually from metal to non-metals across the period.
(iii) The arrangement of elements in a horizontal form is called period while the vertical arrangement is called group
(3aiv)
(i) Calciumchloridehypochloridte CaCl(OCl)
(ii) Calcium hypochlorite Ca(OCl)₂
(iii) Calcium chloride CaCl₂
(3bi)
Avogadro’s law states that equal volumes of gases at the same temperature and pressure contain equal number of molecules.
(3bii)
0.25mole of Argon = 15cm³
Mass of one mole of Argon = 40g
40g = 1 mole
Xg = 0.25 = 10g
Hence 10g of Argon = 15cm³
10g of Neon = 10/20 = 1/2 = 0.5mol will contain 2 × 15cm³ = 30cm³ of gas
(3ci)
Fermentation is the breakdown of substance by bacteria, yeasts or microorganisms typically involving effervescence and the evolution of heat.
(3cii)
H H
/
C=C + H₂O
/
H H
H H
| |
<=> C-C-OH
| |
H H
<=> C₂H₄ + H₂O <=> C₂H₅
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(4ai)
This is the point at which the indicator changes colour in a volumetric titration.
(4aii)
Volume of Acid VA = 25cm³
Concentration of Hcl (A = 0.40dm³)
Volume of NaoH VB = 20.0cm³, na = 1, nb = 1
Using the relation CAVA/CBVB = na/nb
0.4×25/10×20 = 1
CB = 0.4×25/20 = 19/20 = 0.580
Concentration of NaOH CB = 0.500molddm-³
(4aiii)
I – methyl orange
II – Phenolphthalein
(4bi)
(i) A Compound can only be separated through chemical reactions while mixture can be separated through physical methods.
(ii) The individual components of a compound do not retain their individual properties but the constituents of a mixture still retain their individual properties.
(4bii)
I – NaOH
II – Na2CO3.10H2O
(4ci)
(i) Acids react with bases to form salt and water only as the products.
(ii) Acids ionize in water to form hydrogen ions as the only positive ions.
Dilute acids liberate hydrogen gas when reacted with metals.
(4cii)
This is because of the dissolution of Nitrogen oxides, NO and Sulphur (iv)oxide in water
(4di)
A flame is a visible gaseous part of a fire.
(4dii)
(i) The source of the fire producing the flame.
(ii) The temperaturre of the flame
(4diii)
Because oxygen supports combustion and combustion or oxidation is involved in almost all nutrients in the universe.
(4div) ₂
Zn(s) + 2HCl(aq) –> ZnCl₂(aq) + H₂(g)
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(6ai)
Ethane does not react with ammonia silver nitrate while Ethyne gives a yellow white precipitate when bubbled through ammonial silver nitrate solution.
C2H2 + 2AgNO3 –> Ag2C2 + 2HNO3
Ethene gives no reaction.
(6aii)
C₂H₄ + H₂ –> C2H₆
H H
| |
C = C + H₂
| | Hydrogen
H H
Ethene
H H
| |
–> H- C-C -H
| |
H H
Ethane
(6bi)
It is not safe for a human to stay in closed garage because the exhaust fumes produced by incomplete combination of petrol would be consumed by the person and which is poisoned. The exhaust gas is CO2. Two third if this gas in one’s volume of blood causes death.
(6bii)
Relative atomic mass of an element is the ratio of an average mass per atom of an element from a given sample to 1/2 mass of a carbon-12 atom
(6biii)
2SO₃ + O₂ —> 2SO₄
2 moles of SO₃ replied 1 mole of O₂
0.25mole of SO₃ gives 0.125moles of O₂.
No of mole = volume given/molar volume
Nmole = volume / 22.4
= 5.6/22.4
0.25mole of SO₃
No of mole of O2 = volume /22.4
0.125 = volume/22.4
Volume = 2.8dm³ or 2800cm³
(6ci)
The importance of NaCl in sopa production is to separate the soap from glycol formed and to aid the solubility of the soap formed
(6cii)
(i) It is most effective in removing scom ie they clean effectively.
(ii) They are non-biodegradable and they harm the environment.
(6di)
(i) They are affected by PH
(ii) They are produced from a source and they have their effect on the target organs.
(iii) They are Proteinous in nature.
(6dii)
Heat disrupts hydrogen bonds and non Polar hydrophobic interactions and also Protein globules tend to uncoil when heated.
(6diii)
Denaturation
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QUESTIONS ?
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